In order to protect cyberspace against cyber-attacks we need situation-specific cyber awareness framework for the implementation of our cyber maneuvers. This article allows an execution of cyber maneuvers providing dynamic cyber battlefield simulator. The proposed cyber battlefield contains essential information for the detection of cyber events; therefore, it can be considered as the most important and complicated factor in the high-level fusion. Cyber battlefield simulator provides detail of cyberspace elements including knowledge repository of vulnerability, tangible and intangible elements of cyberspace and the relationships between them that can provide and execute cyber maneuvers, penetration test, cyber-attacks injection, attack tracking, visualization, cyber-attacks impact assessment and risk assessment. The dynamic maker Engine in simulator is designed to automatically update the knowledge base of vulnerabilities, to change the topology elements, and change the access list, services, hosts and users. Evaluation of simulator was done in a qualitative method of research and using a focus group.

In this paper first the need for a total system of emergency management is justified. Then the development of a discrete traffic simulation using paral1el computation technique is described. This model is used in a hypothetical transportation network to see the efficacy of message passing interface mechanism in parallel simulation situations. It shows how message passing interface can be implemented, and provides some results to compare the costs and advantages of different synchronization protocols, and discusses the suitability of this approach for the simulation of emergency evacuation.

Majority of the fluid flows in nature and industries are turbulent flows. Due to their complexity, Modeling and simulation of turbulent flows are still among the top research topics in the field of fluid mechanics.The objective of this work is to consider the turbulence effects at the interface. The presence of interface affects the turbulence structures and they become anisotropic near the interface. In this work, the main objective is to consider the fluctuations of the interface topology and their effects on the volume fraction and the surface tension force at the interface. These effects are important under some circumstances especially when the shape of the interface changes rapidly and abruptly. The surface tension forces and the volume fraction-velocity fluctuation correlation have also important impact on the interface topology and its complicated features such as coalescence and breakup. Different new models are presented and the impacts of those parameters on the flow at the interface are presented in this work. In developing the models for mean velocity-volume fraction fluctuations the inhomogeneity of the flow at the interface is taken into account. Both Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations and the Large Eddy simulation Techniques were used to simulate turbulent interfacial flows and implement the novel models introduced in this work. The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, two-dimensional and three dimensional jets, and water/oil phase separation were simulated numerically and the results were compared with corresponding valid data and the accuracy of the models was examined.

A tumor cannot grow more than a few millimeters without a blood supply (avascular tumor), and for further growth it must initiate angiogenesis process. A vascularized tumor, which is permeated with blood vessels, rapidly increases in mass because of the new source of oxygen. In this study, a discrete mathematical model of angiogenesis process with considering the penetration of blood flow through the vessels in the two-dimensional network is presented. This structure is coupled with an adaptive model of sprouts spacing along the parent blood vessel at the beginning of the angiogenesis process. Then, progression of these sprouts in the extracellular matrix and their penetration into the tumor as well as penetration of blood flow through the capillary structure is presented. This model incorporates three steps of adaptive sprout spacing along the parent blood vessel, sprout progression, and blood flow and network reModeling. Then, based on the simulated vasculature network, oxygen transmission and other vital chemicals needed for continuous tumor growth are simulated. In this model we assumed that the growth of the tumor is driven by cell division. The tumor growth and angiogenesis are coupled by the changes of micro environment including oxygen, tumor growth factor, and the extracellular matrix concentration. Also, we have tried to create space and time adaptations in parameters of the model.

Background and Aim: In patients with complete denture, some clinicians have used modelling plastic impression compound (MPIC) along tissue conditioner (TC) materials simultaneously. Little information is available on the composition of these materials and the interaction between them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of two components of MPIC on the structure and chemical composition of TC.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, MPIC specimens were provided in 25×2 mm discs. Specimens were randomly divided into three groups and were immersed in ethanol 70%, plasticizer (dibutyl phthalate) and a mixture of them (ethanol 70% and dibutyl phthalate). All of the discs were weighed with a digital balance before and 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours after immersion. Values were analyzed by non parametric Kruskal-Wallis (a= 0.05) and SPSS 16 for Windows (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL) was used for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical analysis indicated significant differences among all groups (p>.05).Conclusion: Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) had high impact on the solubility of MP, while the mixture of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and ethanol demonstrated the highest impact.

Reservoir Modeling and simulation play a pivotal role in the field of reservoir engineering, enabling efficient hydrocarbon recovery and reservoir management. This article provides an overview of the definition, significance, and evolution of reservoir Modeling techniques, emphasizing the importance of accurate reservoir characterization. It explores different data acquisition methods, such as core analysis, well logging, seismic data, and production history, highlighting their integration for robust reservoir description. Mathematical Modeling techniques for reservoir simulation, including single-phase and multi-phase flow models, along with numerical simulation methods such as finite difference, finite element, and finite volume, are discussed. The article also delves into uncertainty analysis, history matching, and the assimilation of field production data to improve model accuracy. Advanced techniques, emerging trends, and their applications, such as upscaling/downscaling methods, integrated reservoir Modeling and optimization approaches, and the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning, are presented. The inclusion of case studies showcases the practical implementation of reservoir Modeling and simulation in various areas, such as field development planning, enhanced oil recovery, and reservoir management. Finally, the challenges associated with reservoir Modeling and simulation techniques and future perspectives for advancements in the field are addressed.

Component of vapor-compression refrigeration cycle was modeled at steady state condition. Then, Modeling and simulation of the whole cycle was performed to predict system parameters such as compressor work, cooling effect and coefficient of performance (COP) in various ambient conditions. The simulation results were compared with experimental results obtained from an experimental investigation on a split-type air conditioner. It was found that the experimental and simulation results are in good agreement and the model can predict the performance of the cycle successfully. Average difference between experimental and simulation results for prediction of COP was 4.5%. simulation results show that for each 1oC increase in ambient temperature, COP reduces 3.5%, and for 10% increase in ambient relative humidity, COP increases about 6.5%. Also, by increasing the air volumetric flow rate of condenser about 10%, COP increases about 5%. Effect of increasing the condenser area on its heat rejection rate was studied and it was found that increasing the condenser area, increases the heat rejection rate substantially only in a limited range and after that it does not change.